谁是红茶鼻祖?Who is the ancestor of black tea?

   TongmuGuan in Wuyi Mountain of China is the original place of Black Tea

China is the original country of tea. Many kinds of great tea grow in China. But in China, only few Chinese know that China is the original place of Black Tea and ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea is the ancestor of Black Tea.

   ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea(Wuyi Bohea Black Tea,Wuyi lapsang souchong black tea) was invented in the late period of Ming Dynasty（about the beginning of 17century） in China. It was called as Wuyi Bohea tea when it was send to Europe at the early .The history of it is nearly 400 years, but we have not ascertained the exactly time of ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea. And according to the record of the family tree of Jiang, whose family is the hire to the noble ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea producing in Tongmu Guan for 400 years, I can say that ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea is the first kind of Black Tea in the world. And according to the development of tea production technology and some historical data, we can be sure that ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea is the ancestor of Black Tea and Tongmu Guan in Wuyi Mountain is the original place of Black Tea.

    Mr. Jiang Yuanxun is the 24th generation of ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea(Wuyi Bohea Black Tea,Wuyi lapsang souchong black tea)  producing family.     According to the record in Mr. Jiang Yuanxun`s family tree, we gained the message that Jiang`s Family moved into Tongmu Guan at the end of South-Song Dynasty. Jiang`s Family lived in the village depending on cultivating tea trees and tea production .The tea production technology had been passed generation to generation. In Jiang`s Family, there is a legend about the invention of Black Tea and this legend had been passed for hundreds of years too. Nearly 400 years ago, in a spring time of the late Ming Dynasty, Jiang`s Family picked many fresh tea and stored them in a wooden factory which used for producing tea. A team of army passed Miaowan in Tongmu Guan one night, and they stopped at wooden factory and slept on the fresh tea for that night. When the army left Miaowan next morning, Jiang`s Family found that the fresh tea had changed a lot. Because of lacking of necessary and timely machining, the color had changed from green to slightly red and purple, the shape became distorted and soft, and the fresh tea with viscosity too. Jiang`s Family wanted to save the cost and decided to drying the tea leaf through pine torches, because pine torches is a kind of common fuel in Tongmu Guan and has a slight fragrance. After drying, Jiang`s Family detected the soft leaf became stiff and fragility, the color become black, with special fragrance too. But in Tongmu Guan, this special tea were not be accepted by common people. Jiang`s Family decided to take them to Xincun, a center of tea business, in order to retrieved some cost. Nobody had expected that when the next tea producing season was coming, tea business man quoted high price to order the special tea and paid Jiang`s Family cash. Although this was out of the villagers` expectation, this special tea was produced and the amount became larger and larger. Jiang`s Family called this kind of tea “乌茶” according to its black color, “乌茶”means black tea ,so black tea is red tea now. Many years later , Jiang`s Family named “乌茶”as ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea ,in order to distinguish the fake tea, ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea means the tea from real high mountain and the tea is orthodox.

    This special tea is the ancestor of Black Tea. But at that time, nobody was aware that the fresh tea leaf which had been slept by army had been fermented. And the special tea is the first kind of black tea .This may be a wonderful coincidence. And this kind of version was also recorded in 《Encyclopedia of China Tea》（《中国茶经》）。

    We can also infer that black tea was invented in Wuyi Mountain area in the late period of Ming Dynasty by the fermentation method for producing tea which extended in Wuyi Mountain area. Black tea is a kind of full-fermentation tea, so the method of producing black tea is more complication than the method of producing green tea. And the fermentation method for producing tea extended in Wuyi Mountain area in late Ming Dynasty.

    《Summary of Fujian》《闽小记》, author is ZhouGongliang who was the savant in the times of ChongZhen. In his book, he wrote, “ the official in ChongAn county employed Buddhist monk from Huang Mountain to produced Wuyi Mountain Tea by a new method which called “crate made by pine”, it is a kind method of fermentation. It also recorded, “on the top of Wuyi Mountain, tea trees grow everywhere , Buddhist monk selected some fresh tea leaf and dry them .They also evaporate leaf and then drying them. So the tea color is almost red and purple, these tea only drunk in the temple by Buddhist monk.       Later , Buddhist monk produced tea by the method of “crate made by pine”，and then, the product is black and be full of fragrance. After some months, the color and the fragrance are still wonderful.” This short record noticed that producing by the method of “crate made by pine”，the tea soup became red and be full of fragrance, and these are the advantages of fermented tea. So we can know that tea producers in Wuyi Moutain produced new kind of tea through the fermentation method of tea producing. In my opinion, I can not be sure that this new tea was black tea, it was half-fermentation Oolong Tea possibly. Because Black Tea may not be invented step by step, according to the fermentation method of tea producing which was an non-maturity method at that time. Most parts of Wuyi Mountain produced Wuyi Rock Tea (Oolong Tea) and only Tongmu Guan produced black tea. What is more, there is no common understanding about the invention time for Black Tea and Oolong Tea. Did oolong tea invented earlier than Black tea or did black tea has longer history than oolong tea? We can not be sure about it. But invention of black tea and fermentation method of producing tea should not be separated. It was possible that fermentation method of producing tea came from the process of producing ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea, or black tea was invented through the fermentation method of tea producing, or the invention of black tea and fermented method of producing tea invented at the same time. In a short, invention of black tea and the fermentation method of producing tea are affinity. And black tea was invented in Tongmu Guan in the late period of Ming Dynasty.

    We can gain much important information from many historical data too, which can prove that ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea in Tongmu Guan, Wuyi Moutain is the ancestor of Black tea.

    There is an important notes on 《Encyclopedia of China Tea》（《中国茶经》），“when Dutch ships transported Chinese tea to Europe in 1610 for the first time. Chinese tea is welcome and be fashionable very quickly.” The year of 1610 is the late period of Ming Dynasty. And according to 《The Research for the market Economy of Chinese Tea》(《中国茶叶商品经济研究》)，whose author is TaoDechen, “black tea shipped to Europe coming from Wuyi Mountain area of Fujian Province to Europe .” And at that time ,most parts of Wuyi Mountain produced Oolong Tea , only in Tongmu Guan, black tea was produced. So we can check that the black tea send to Europe in 1610 is ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea.《Drinking Afternoon Tea with Renoir》 (Auguste Renoir, who is a famous artist.《与雷诺阿共进下午茶》) also proved this reality. “In 17th century, China began to produce black tea, which came from Tongmu Guan, Wuyi Mountain, Fuiian Province, the black tea was shipped to western world when Dutch ships shipped Chinese tea to Europe.” So, we can be sure that ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea was invented before 1610 in Tongmu Guang, Wuyi Mountain.

       Keemum Black Tea in Anhui Province, Yi Black Tea in Hubei Province, Dian Black Tea in Yunnan Province and so on. All these famous Chinese black tea were produced in 19century. ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea is the ancestor for these kinds of black tea. Taking keemum black tea for example, keemum black tea is one of the most famous black tea in the world. How did keemum black tea invented? In 1876, the official of Chongan County, whose name is YuGancheng and hometown is in Anhui province, retirement and went back to his hometown. But when he retirement, he had already collected the tea saplings in Wuyi Mountain and grasped the method of producing ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea. He set up a village for producing black tea at ZhiDeDu in Anhui. After studying for several years, he produced keemum black tea successful. The similar history is suitable for most parts of the other kinds of Chinese black tea. According to 《Local Record of Baling Count》（《巴陵县志》of Hunan Province, it recorded, “ the 23th year in Daoguang ( it was 1843), after run business with foreign ,business man from Guangdong Province took a lot of money to produce black tea.” 《Local Record of Chongyan Count》(《崇阳县志》)records , “ In the years of Daoguang (it was about 1850), Business from GuangDong Province bought tea ,the method is pick fresh leaves and writhe them in sharp sunshine, and drying it by carbon in rainy days. They selling them to foreign and named it as Black Tea.” Many other Chinese Local Record of Count contain similar record about black tea . According to these historical data, we can declare that ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea is the first kind of black tea in China.

       India is the largest country for black tea exporting in the world now. But hundred years ago, there were no tea trees grew in India. Where did India tea come from? To answer this question, we should involve an English man whose named is Robert Fortune. Fortune stayed in China from 1843---1845 for the first time, as the partner of the Association of Gardening for England. He can spoke fluent Chinese, understood Chinese custom and he was the expert on gardening. East India Company focused on him and employed him as a “spy”. His mission was that collecting tea trees and learning the method of producing tea, and then took them to India, in order to make India became the tea base for England. In 1848, he was send to Huang Mountain, he stolen many tea trees` seedlings and the method of producing green tea. In Feb 1849, he sneaked into Wuyi Mountain with his Chinese suites. He pretended to be a Chinese and asked the villagers about the method of producing black tea. He knew the fermentation method of producing tea this time. After he got the tea trees seedlings and learned the method of producing Chinese tea, he prepared to India. He realized that only Chinese people who were experienced at tea growing and tea producing can teach Indians how to grow tea trees and produce tea, only can they passed the method completely. So he employed 8 Chinese, and took them and the tea seedlings to India in 1851, and at last, they reached Assam. 3 years later, Fortune grasped the complete method of producing Black Tea, And India began to produced and exported black tea to the world. Chinese tea trade encountered tremendous difficulty.

      There is one more point to explain. ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea in Tongmu Guan, Wuyi Mountain is a wonderful black tea and welcome by Europeans. But Tongmu Guan is not very big, the amount of ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea is only 250tons.But the market was becoming more and more big, and ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea is the main goods in Chinese tea trade. Attracted by the tremendous profit，some tea business men began to produce fake ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea. Because the main step is that drying the fresh tea leaf by burn the pine torches, the taste of fake Zhangshan Souchong Black Tea is little similar with original ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea ,and the fake ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea also accepted by Europeans quickly. The fake ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea is lapsang souchong tea.

    Tongmu Guan in Wuyi Mountain is the original place for black tea, ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea is the ancestor of black tea. When tea-eminent authority, Mr. Zhang Tianfu came back to MiaoWan Tongmu Guan, that is the kernel zone for producing ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea, he wrote inscription——the original place of ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea，and he also wrote inscription——the noble tea producing family for Mr. JiangYuanxun, who is the 24th generation of the noble ZhengShan Souchong Black Tea black tea producing family.

正山小种红茶（武夷山武夷红茶）是红茶的始祖

中国武夷山地区桐木关是红茶的发源地

   中国是茶的原产国。大茶生长在中国的许多种。但在中国，只有少数中知道，中国是正山小种红茶和红茶的发源地，是红茶的始祖。

    正山小种红茶发明于明代（大约至17世纪初）在中国晚期。这就是所谓的武夷武夷山茶当它被发送初期到欧洲。它的历史，是近400年，但我们还没有确定正山小种完全相同的红茶时间。并根据对江，其家族是正山小种的崇高聘请红茶生产桐木关400年家谱记录，我可以说，正山小种红茶是世界红茶第一类。并根据茶叶生产技术和一些历史数据的发展，我们可以肯定的是正山小种红茶是红茶和武夷山桐木关的祖先是红茶的发源地。

姜先生元勋正山小种是红茶生产家庭24代。根据记录在江先生元勋的家谱，我们得到的消息，江`家族提出到桐木关在南宋结束。江`家族住在村里培育茶树和茶叶生产而定。茶叶生产技术已经通过一代又一代。在江泽民`的家庭，有一个关于红茶的发明传说，这传说已对年过数百通过。近400年前，捞起在明代后期的春天，江`家族许多新鲜的茶叶，并储存在一个木工厂，茶叶的生产，使用它们。通过团队的军队在桐木关庙湾一个晚上，他们停在木工厂和那天晚上的鲜茶叶睡觉。当军队离开庙湾第二天早上，江`家族发现，鲜茶有很大的变化。由于缺乏必要和及时加工，颜色发生了变化，从绿色到红色和紫色轻微，形状变得扭曲，柔软，具有粘度鲜茶了。江`家族想节省成本，并决定通过松树火把干燥茶叶，因为松树火把是一种常见的桐木关燃料种类，有轻微的香味。干燥后，江`家族发现了软叶变得僵硬和脆弱性，颜色变成黑色有特殊香味了。但是，在桐木关，这个特殊的茶不是一般人所接受。江`家族决定采取责令其新村，茶商业中心，以获取一些费用。没有人预计在未来茶叶生产季节的到来，茶叶生意的人所报的高价订购和支付的特殊茶江`家族现金。虽然这是村民出`期望，这种特殊的茶叶生产和金额越来越大。江`家族称这一类茶“乌茶”呢根据其黑色，“乌茶”是指红茶，红茶等红茶了。许多年以后，江`家族命名为“乌茶(black tea)”正山小种红茶作为，以便区分假茶，正山小种红茶是指从真正的高山茶，茶是正统。

    这种特殊的茶是红茶的始祖。但在那个时候，没有人意识到，鲜茶树叶已被军队睡了发酵。和特别茶是红茶的第一类。这可能是一个美妙的巧合。而这种类型的版本也记录在“中国大百科全书茶”（“中国茶经”）。

我们还可以推断，红茶是在武夷山地区发明的明代由茶叶的生产，发酵方法，在武夷山区延长晚期。红茶是全发酵茶，所以生产红茶法比绿茶的生产方法并发症。而在武夷山生产领域延伸茶在明代后期发酵法。

“”福建摘要“闽小记”，作者是ZhouGongliang谁是在崇祯时代的学者。在他的书中，他写道，“在崇安县正式聘用黄山僧人从一个新的生产方法，呼吁武夷山茶”由松木箱制造“，它是一种发酵的一种方法。它也记录了“关于武夷山的顶部，到处都生长茶树，僧人选择一些新鲜的茶叶和干他们。他们也蒸发干燥叶，然后他们。所以茶的颜色几乎是红色和紫色，这些茶叶只在寺庙的和尚醉。后来，和尚所生产的“松木箱的制造”的方法茶，然后，该产品是黑色的，是充满芬芳。数月后，颜色和香味仍然太棒了。“这个简短的记录发现通过方法生产”由松木箱制造“，茶汤会变成红色，香味充分，这些都是发酵茶的好处。因此，我们可以知道，在武义茶叶生产者生产同业公会一种新的茶叶通过茶的发酵生产方法。在我看来，我不能肯定这是新茶红茶，它是半发酵乌龙茶可能。由于红茶可能不是发明一步一个脚印，根据茶叶生产发酵方法，在当时是一个非成熟的方法。大部分地区的武夷山武夷岩茶制作（乌龙茶），仅桐木关制作红茶。更有什者，有没有关于红茶和乌龙茶的发明时间达成共识。难道早于发明乌龙茶红茶还是红茶乌龙茶超过历史？我们不能左右它肯定。但红茶和茶发酵生产方法发明不应该分开。这是可能的，发酵的方法从产茶正山小种生产红茶，红茶或者是通过过程来发酵的茶叶生产方法或红茶的发明和茶叶的生产，发酵方法，在同一时间发明的发明。在很短的，发明的红茶和茶叶发酵方法生产的亲和力。和红茶桐木关发明于明代中后期。

我们可以从许多获得过许多重要的历史数据信息，这可以证明正山小种红茶桐木关，武夷穆廷是红茶的始祖。

     上有“中国大百科全书茶”（“中国茶经”）的重要注意到，“当荷兰船在1610年中国茶叶运到欧洲的第一次。中国茶是值得欢迎的是流行速度非常快。“在1610年，是明代晚期。而根据他说：“在中国茶叶市场经济研究”（“中国茶叶商品经济研究”），其作者是TaoDechen，“红茶运到欧洲，从福建省武夷山地区来欧洲。”在那一次，大多数零件生产武夷山桐木关仅在乌龙茶，红茶制作。因此，我们可以检查在1610年红茶发送到欧洲正山小种红茶。“喝酒下午雷诺阿茶”（奥古斯特雷诺阿，谁是著名的艺术家。“与雷诺阿共进下午茶”）也证明了这一点现实。 “在17世纪，中国开始生产红茶，从桐木关，武夷山，Fuiian省来了，红茶被运到西方世界时，欧洲运往中国茶。荷兰船”所以，我们可以肯定的是正山小种红茶在1610年被发明之前，桐木广，武夷山。

  祁门红茶及安徽省，湖北省，云南省滇红茶等易红茶。所有这些著名的中国红茶产于19century。正山小种红茶是红茶这些种的祖先。以keemum例如红茶，keemum红茶是世界上最为著名的红茶之一。怎么keemum红茶发明的？ 1876​​年，在崇安县，他的名字是YuGancheng和家乡是安徽省，退休回到他的家乡官员。但是，当他退休时，他已经收集了武夷山的茶树苗，抓住正山小种的生产红茶的方法。他成立于ZhiDeDu生产红茶安徽一个村庄。经过几年的学习，他制作keemum红茶成功。类似的历史是中国红茶的其他种类的大部分地区适用。根据“地方纪录巴陵计数”（“巴陵县志”湖南省，它记录“，在道光23年（这是1843年）后，外国的，来自广东省的商人做生意，花了很多钱以生产红茶。“在道光年”地方纪录重阳伯爵“（”崇阳县志“）记载，”（这是约1850年），由广东省商业买茶，该方法是挑选新鲜的叶子和翻腾他们形成了鲜明的阳光和干燥在雨天碳它。他们出售给外国和它命名为红茶。“许多其他中国地方记录包含有关伯爵红茶类似的记录。根据这些历史数据，我们可以宣布，正山小种红茶是在中国第一种红茶。

    印度是现在世界上茶叶出口大国。但是，百年前，有没有茶树生长在印度。印度茶叶哪儿来的？要回答这个问题，我们应该涉及英国男子的名字命名的Robert Fortune。财富留在中国，从1843年--- 1845年的第一次，作为对英国园艺协会的合作伙伴。他能讲一口流利的汉语，了解中国的习俗，他是园艺专家。东印度公司集中在他身上，并受聘为“间谍”他。他的任务是收集和学习茶树茶叶的生产方法，然后把他们带到印度，为了使印度成为了英国的茶叶基地。 1848年，他被发送到黄山，他偷了茶树`苗和绿茶的生产方法。在1849年2月，他潜入武夷山与他的中套房。他谎称自己是一个中国，并询问了生产红茶方法的村民。他知道这一次的产茶发酵法。之后，他得到了茶树种苗，学到了茶叶生产中的方法，他准备到印度。他意识到，只有在中国谁是茶叶种植和茶叶生产可以教印度人如何种植茶树和茶叶生产经验的人，他们不仅可以通过该方法完全。于是，他雇8个中国人，并参加了1851年他们和印度茶树苗，并在最后，他们来到阿萨姆邦。 3年后，财富掌握了完整的方法生产红茶，印度开始生产和出口红茶走向世界。中国茶叶贸易中遇到了巨大困难。

还有一个角度来解释。正山小种红茶桐木关，武夷山是一个美好的红茶和欧洲人的欢迎。桐木关，但不是很大，正山小种的红茶量仅为250tons.But，市场越来越大，正山小种红茶，并在中国茶叶贸易的主要商品。的巨大利润的吸引，一些茶叶商人开始正山小种生产假冒红茶。由于干燥的主要步骤是由松树火把烧新鲜茶叶，漳山小种的假红茶味道正山小种小原红茶相似，正山小种和假红茶欧洲人接受也很快。正山小种的假正山小种红茶茶。

  武夷山桐木关是红茶的发源地，正山小种红茶是红茶的始祖。当茶著名的权威，张天福回来庙湾桐木关，这是正山小种生产红茶的核心区，他题词 - 正山小种是红茶的发源地，而且他还题词 - 高贵的茶叶生产江元勋先生，谁是正山小种的高贵黑色红茶茶叶生产家24代的家庭。