中国茶叶非常的多,分法也很多种,武夷山茶叶网(www.lincha.com)此前发布好几篇文字详细介绍中国茶叶分类,中国茶叶种类划分,各种茶叶的产地和加工工艺,本文再做一次小小的汇总.
中国茶叶的大分类主要还是按照制作工艺来划分为主的:绿茶、黄茶、白茶、青茶(乌龙茶)、红茶、黑茶六大茶类。这六大茶类而制作工艺主要是关于茶叶加工的相关发酵程度,这是中国茶叶分类和中国茶叶种类科学有效的分类方法,也是茶业界普遍常用的茶叶分类方法。
中国茶叶种类是指中国各大茶叶分类中根据其产地、特征等来划分的中国茶叶分类图片.根据加工工艺和发酵程度划分茶叶分类图表:
附:中国茶叶分类,中国茶叶种类图标
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绿茶
(green tea) |
蒸青绿茶
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煎茶、玉露 |
晒青绿茶
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滇青、川青、陕青 |
炒青绿茶
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眉 茶 |
炒青、特珍、珍眉、凤眉、秀眉 |
珠 茶 |
珠茶、雨珍、秀眉 |
细嫩绿茶
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龙井、大方、碧螺春、雨花茶、松针
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烘青绿茶
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普通烘青 |
闽烘青、浙烘青、徽烘青、苏烘青 |
细嫩烘青 |
黄山毛峰、太平猴魁、华顶云雾、高桥银峰 |
白茶
(white tea) |
白 芽 茶 |
|
白豪银针 |
白 叶 芽 |
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白牡丹、贡眉 |
黄茶
(yellow tea) |
黄 芽 茶 |
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君山银针、蒙顶黄芽 |
黄 小 芽 |
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北港毛尖、沩山毛尖、温州黄汤 |
黄 大 芽 |
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霍山黄大茶、广东大叶青 |
乌龙茶(青茶)
(oolong tea) |
闽北乌龙 |
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武夷岩茶、水仙、大红袍、肉桂 |
闽南乌龙 |
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铁观音、奇兰、黄金桂、大田高山茶 |
广东乌龙 |
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凤凰单枞、凤凰水仙、岭头单枞 |
台湾乌龙 |
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冻顶乌龙、包种、乌龙 |
红茶
(black tea) |
小种
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正山小种、烟小种 |
工夫
|
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闽红功夫、滇红、祁红功夫、川红 |
红 碎 茶 |
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叶茶、碎茶、片茶、末茶 |
黑茶 |
湖南黑茶 |
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安化黑茶 |
湖北老青茶 |
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四川边茶 |
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南路边茶、西路边茶 |
滇桂黑茶 |
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普洱茶、六堡茶 |
再加工茶类 |
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玫瑰花茶、珠兰花茶、茉莉
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紧压茶 |
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黑砖、方茶、茯砖、饼茶 |
萃取茶 |
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速溶茶、浓缩茶、罐装茶 |
果味茶 |
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荔枝
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药用保健茶 |
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减肥茶、杜仲茶、降脂茶 |
含茶饮料
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茶饮料、茶汽水
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中国茶叶分类具体茶叶分类及相关中国茶叶品种代表,中英文对照表如下(The different kinds of Chinese Tea):
绿茶主要制作过程:采摘,萎凋, 揉捻,杀青, 干燥 Main process of manufacture: plucking, withering, twisting, fixation (inactivation), backing
绿茶品质特征:清汤绿叶,新鲜为关键,不发酵茶 Main characters: Green leaf and light soap, the key point is fresh, non-fermented tea
中国绿茶按杀青不同分四类:Divided to four kinds by different ways of fixation (inactivation):
1) 炒青绿茶:代表品牌:龙井,碧螺春, 金眉 1) Roasted ----- Representative Tea: Long jing, Bi luo chun, Jin mei.
2) 烘青绿茶:闽烘青, 浙烘青为主,代表品牌:黄山毛峰 2) Backed ----- Representative Tea: Huangshan maofong
3) 晒青绿茶:云南,四川,陕西地为主 3) Sun withering: ----- Mainly in Yunnang, Shichuan, Shangxi provinces
4) 蒸青绿茶:中国唐代,日本为主,今天主产地为福建南平,出口为主,代表品牌:玉露 4) Steamed: ----- Mainly in Japan, representative Tea: YuLu
市场上知名的红茶品种:
武夷山金骏眉、
武夷山正山小种
全发酵红茶主要制作过程:萎凋,揉捻,发酵,干燥 Main process of manufacture: plucking, withering, twisting, fermentation, backing
红茶品质特征:红汤红叶,香味甜醇,全发酵茶 Main characters: Red leaf and red soap, deep flavor, fully fermented.
红茶种类:Different kinds:
1) 工夫红茶:代表有:滇红, 祁红, 闽红 Congou black tea ----- Representative Tea: Yunnan red tea, Keemum tea (Qihong), Minghong
2) 小种红茶:正山小种, 烟小种,
金骏眉,银骏眉 Souchong black tea ----- Representative Tea: Lapsang (拉普山), Smoked Lapsang
3) 红碎茶,出口欧美的茶叶及印度斯里兰卡肯尼亚生产的茶叶. Broken Black
半发酵乌龙茶主要制作过程:晒青,做青,杀青,揉捻,干燥 Main process of manufacture: plucking, rolling, fixation, twisting, backing
乌龙茶品质特征:汤色金黄,绿叶红边,半发酵茶(做青属发酵步骤)Main characters: Golden soap, Green leaf with red sides, half fermented
乌龙茶种类:Different kinds:
1) 闽南乌龙:安溪铁观音,色种,
大田高山茶 Southern Fujian oolong ----- Representative Tea: Tikuanyin, Shezhong,datian high mountainous tea
2) 闽北乌龙:
武夷岩茶(主要有
大红袍,水仙,肉桂),建欧水仙 Northern Fujian oolong ----- Representative Tea: Wuyi Rock-essence Tea (Including ShuiXin, RouGui, DaHongPao), Jinou Shui Xin
3) 广东乌龙:凤凰水仙,单枞 Gangdong oolong ----- Representative Tea: Phoenix ShuiXin, DangChong
4) 台湾乌龙:冻顶乌龙 Taiwan oolong ----- Representative Tea:Dongding tea
白茶 White Tea
白茶主要制作过程:萎凋,干燥 Main Process of manufacture: plucking, withering, backing
白茶品质特征:汤色呈黄亮,轻半发酵茶 Main Characters: Yellow soap, half fermented
种类Different kinds:
1) 白茶芽:银针 1) White buds tea ----- Representative Tea:silver needle
2) 白叶茶:白牡丹 2) White leaf tea ----- Representative Tea: white peony
黄茶 Yellow Tea
主要制作过程:杀青,闷黄,杀青,干燥 Main Process of manufacture: plucking, fixation, over brewing, fixation, backing
品质特征:黄色黄汤,轻半发酵茶(闷黄步骤算发酵步骤)
种类:
1) 蒙顶黄芽,君山银针 Mengding yellow buds, JunShan silver needle
2) 黄小茶:北港银针,沩山银针 Small yellow tea ----- Representative Tea: Beigang silver needle, WeiShan silver needle
3) 黄大茶:霍山黄大茶,广东大叶茶 Large yellow tea ----- Representative Tea: HuoShan large yellow tea, Guandong large leaf tea
黑茶 Dark Tea
黑茶主要制作过程:杀青,揉捻,渥堆,干燥 Main process of manufacture: plucking, fixation, twisting, pile-fermentation, backing
品质特征:干茶油黑,汤色呈黄,后发酵茶(渥堆步骤算发酵步骤) Main Characters: Dry tea is very dark, yellow soap, afterwards fermented
种类
1) 湖南黑茶:安氏、茯茶 Hunan dark tea ----- Representative Tea: Anshi
2) 湖北黑茶:老青茶 Hubei dark tea ----- Representative Tea: Dark green tea
3) 四川边茶 Sichuan brick tea
4) 滇桂黑茶:普洱 Yuannan&GuangXi dark tea ----- Representative Tea: Puer
再加工茶 Re-manufactured tea
1) 花茶:茉莉花茶,桂花茶 Flower tea: Jasmine Tea, Osmanthus scented tea
2) 紧压茶:茶饼,茶砖 Pressed tea: Caky Tea, Brick Tea
3) 萃取茶:速溶茶,浓缩茶 Extracted tea: Easy dissolve tea, concentrated tea
4) 果味茶:奶茶 Fruit flavor tea: Milk tea
5) 药用保健茶 Medical Tea
6) 含茶饮料:康师傅冰红茶 Tea Beverage